Xylitol

A similar process of cell separation caused by pectin breakdown occurs in the abscission zone of the petioles of deciduous plants at leaf fall.Pectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants.During ripening, pectin is broken down by the enzymes pectinase and pectinesterase; in this process the fruit becomes softer as the middle lamella breaks down and cells become separated from each other.

Some plants like sugar beet, potatoes and pears contain pectins with acetylated galacturonic acid in addition to methyl esters. Acetylation prevents gel-formation but increases the stabilising and emulsifying effects of pectin.

Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste and appearance.With the advent of processed foods in the second half of the 20th century, many more additives have been introduced, of both natural and artificial origin.

Food additives can be divided into several groups, although there is some overlap between them.Food acids are added to make flavors "sharper", and also act as preservatives and antioxidants. Common food acids include vinegar, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, and lactic acid.

Thickening agents, or thickeners, is the term applied to substances which increase the viscosity of a solution or liquid/solid mixture without substantially modifying its other properties;Food thickeners frequently are based on either polysaccharides.One example is sodium pyrophosphate, which acts on casein in milk during the preparation of instant pudding.

Others : Carrageenan     Sodium Alginate      Xanthan Gum      Guar Gum

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